Lab 4.2.5.5 Calculating a VLSM Addressing Scheme
Step 1: Examine the network requirements
a. How many subnets are needed?
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 2n = 22 = 4 subnets
b. What is the maximum number of IP addresses that are needed for a single subnet? 192.168.1.0
- How many host IP addresses are needed for the largest LAN? 62 host, karena pada gambar jaringan subnet yang memiliki selisih paling sedikit atau sama antara host per subnet dengan host terbanyak. Hosts terbanyak adalah 55 dan subnet terdekat adalah 62 hosts
d. How many host IP addresses are needed for the next-largest LAN? 62 hosts
e. How many host IP addresses are needed for the smallest LAN? 16 hosts
f. How many host IP addresses are needed for each WAN link? 3 hosts
g. What is the total number of host IP addresses that are needed for this network? 64 hosts
h. What is the total number of host IP addresses that are available in the 192.168.1.0/24 network? Dari IP address 192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.63
i. If the network is subnetted to provide 7 usable subnets, can the addressing requirements be met? bisa tapi terlalu banyak IP address yang tidak terpakai maka subnet dibuat sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
Step 2: Design an IP addressing scheme to fit the network requirements
a. Determine the subnet information for the largest subnet needed. What is the smallest size subnet that can be used to meet this requirement?
Will a subnet of this size allow for future growth of 10 – 15%?
Fill in the chart below with the appropriate information. Assign the first available subnet on the 192.168.1.0 network to this LAN
LAN_A Subnet
Network Address | Decimal subnet mask | CIDR subnet mask | First Usable IP Address | Last Usable IP Adress | Broadcast Address |
192.168.1.0 | 255.255.255.192 | /26 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.63 | 192.168.1.64 |
b. Assign the next available subnet to the next-largest LAN.
c. Fill in the chart below with the appropriate information.
LAN_D Subnet
Network Address | Decimal subnet mask | CIDR subnet mask | First Usable IP Address | Last Usable IP Adress | Broadcast Address |
192.168.1.0 | 255.255.255.224 | /27 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.31 | 192.168.1.32 |
LAN_C Subnet
Network Address | Decimal subnet mask | CIDR subnet mask | First Usable IP Address | Last Usable IP Adress | Broadcast Address |
192.168.1.0 | 255.255.255.224 | /27 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.31 | 192.168.1.32 |
LAN_B Subnet
Network Address | Decimal subnet mask | CIDR subnet mask | First Usable IP Address | Last Usable IP Adress | Broadcast Address |
192.168.1.0 | 255.255.255.240 | /28 | 192.168.1.1 | 192.168.1.15 | 192.168.1.16 |
Step 3: Assign subnets to the WAN links between routers
Network Address | Decimal subnet mask | CIDR subnet mask | First Usable IP Address | Last Usable IP Adress | Broadcast Address |
WAN link between Router0 and Router1 | |||||
192.168.2.0 | 255.255.255.192 | /26 | 192.168.2.1 | 192.168.2.63 | 192.168.2.64 |
WAN link between Router0 and Router1 | |||||
192.168.2.0 | 255.255.255.224 | /27 | 192.168.2.1 | 192.168.2.31 | 192.168.2.32 |
WAN link between Router0 and Router1 | |||||
192.168.2.0 | 255.255.255.240 | /28 | 192.168.2.1 | 192.168.2.15 | 192.168.2.16 |
Step 4: Assign IP configurations to router interfaces
Device | Interface | IP Address | Subnet Mask |
Router0 | Fa0/0 | 192.168.2.1 | 255.255.255.192 |
Fa0/1 | 192.168.2.2 | 255.255.255.192 | |
S0/0/0 | 192.168.3.1 | 255.255.255.192 | |
S0/0/1 | 192.168.3.2 | 255.255.255.192 | |
Router1 | Fa0/0 | 192.168.2.3 | 255.255.255.224 |
S0/0/0 | 192.168.3.3 | 255.255.255.224 | |
S0/0/1 | 192.168.3.4 | 255.255.255.224 | |
Router2 | Fa0/0 | 192.168.2.4 | 255.255.255.240 |
S0/0/0 | 192.168.3.5 | 255.255.255.240 | |
S0/0/1 | 192.168.3.6 | 255.255.255.240 |
Step 5: Assign IP configurations to workstations
LAN | IP Address | Subnet Mask | Default Gateway |
LAN_A | 192.168.1.0 | 255.255.255.240 | 192.168.1.0 |
LAN_B | 192.168.1.32 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.32 |
LAN_C | 192.168.1.32 | 255.255.255.224 | 192.168.1.32 |
LAN_D | 192.168.1.64 | 255.255.255.192 | 192.168.1.64 |
Step 6: Reflection
a. What is the last host IP address that will be used by this VLSM scheme? 192.168.1.64
b. Your largest LAN can accommodate 15% growth with your VLSM scheme. Which of the other LANs can also accomplish this goal? LAN_A
c. If you decided to change the masks on those LANs that did not meet the 15% growth goal, would you have enough addresses to complete your scheme? Tidak karena akan kurang dari IP address yang diminta
d. What would the new network addresses be for the four LANs?
LAN_A:
LAN_D:
LAN_C:
LAN_B:
e. If you wanted to provide redundant backup WAN links between your routers, how many more subnets would you need?
f. Could you do it with this VLSM scheme?
g. Summarize the advantages of using VLSM for network addressing schemes: dengan menggunakan tekni VLSM IP address yang ada dapat di gunakan secara efisien
Lab 4.3.3.3 Calculating Route Summarization
Step 1: Complete this summarization table for RouterC
RouterC | Network Number in Binary | Network Number In Decimal |
Fa0/0 | 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000 | 192.168.1.64 |
Fa0/1 | 11000000.10101000.00000001.01100000 | 192.168.1.96 |
Summary Route | 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000 | 192.168.1.64 |
Step 2: Complete this summarization table for RouterB
RouterB | Network Number in Binary | Network Number In Decimal |
Fa0/0 | 11000000.10101000.00000001.00100000 | 192.168.1.32 |
Fa0/1 | NA | NA |
Summary Route | 11000000.10101000.00000001.00100000 | 192.168.1.32 |
Step 3: Complete this summarization table for RouterA
RouterB | Network Number in Binary | Network Number In Decimal |
Fa0/0 | 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000000 | 192.168.1.128 |
Fa0/1 | NA | NA |
Serial0/0/0 | 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000100 | 192.168.1.4 |
Serial0/0/1 | 11000000.10101000.00000001.00001000 | 192.168.1.8 |
Summary Route from RouterC | 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000 | 192.168.1.64 |
Summary Router from RouterB | 11000000.10101000.00000001.00100000 | 192.168.1.32 |
Summary Route | 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000 | 192.168.1.0 |
Lab 4.3.4.3 Configuring a LAN with Discontiguous Subnets
Step 1: Connect the equipment
Step 2: Perform basic configurations on Router1
Step 3: Configure the other routers
Step 4: Configure the hosts with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway
Configure each host with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.
From the configurations given, what would be the next available subnetwork IP address on the 172.30.0.0 network? dapat didefinisikan mempunyai range network mulai dari 172.30.0.0 s/d 172.30.0.255 dengan available address sebanyak 254 buah.
If you needed to accommodate an additional LAN with 60 hosts, what mask would you use for that subnetwork? Kita menggunakan subnetwork dengan masking = /26 yang mampu menampung 64 hosts.
Step 5: Verify that the network is functioning
a. From each host, ping its default gateway.
Was the ping from Host1 successful? Ya sukses
Was the ping from Host2 successful? Ya sukses
Was the ping from Host3 successful? Ya sukses
If the answer is no for any question, troubleshoot the router and host configurations to find the error. Ping again until they are successful.
b. For each router, view the status of the interface.
Main#show ip interfaces brief
Branch1#show ip interface brief
Branch2#show ip interface brief
Is the status and protocol listed as up for all active interfaces? Ya status dan protocol memberikan daftar bahwa semua interface aktif
If the answer is no, troubleshoot the router configurations to find the error. Recheck until the status and protocol are up.
Step 6: Examine the routing tables
a. From the network topology, how many routes should each router report in its routing table to have a complete picture of the network? 3 router
b. On each router, view the routing table. The command and output for Main is shown below: Main#show ip route <<output omitted>>
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 10.0.0.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C 10.0.0.4 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
R 10.0.0.8 [120/1] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:21, Serial0/0/0
[120/1] via 10.0.0.6, 00:00:15, Serial0/0/1
172.30.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 172.30.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
What problem do you see in the routing tables? Gateway untuk last resort belum di atur/ diset
Step 7: Identify and attempt to correct the problem
a. From the router configurations, identify the reason for the problem you found in Step 6.
Mungkin gateway yang berfungsi untuk melewatkan beberapa IP address yang berbeda jaringan belum di atur.
On each router, issue the commands to correct this problem. A sample command and output for Main is shown.
b. Re-examine the routing tables carefully. Explain why, even though each router now has RIP routes, there is still a problem with the tables.
What should be done to correct the problem? Dengan mengatur gatewaynya.
c. On all three routers, issue the command to correct this issue. A sample for Main is shown. Main(config-router)#no auto-summary
Step 8: Verify that the problem has been corrected
Are all expected routes being reported now? ya
Why are there two routes reported to the 10.0.0.8 subnetwork?
Step 9: Reflection
a. When would it be important to view all possible routes in a routing table? Ketika kita selesai merangkai sebuah jaringan, hal tersebut penting kita lakukan karena untuk melihat semua rute routing.
b. RIP version 2 supports VLSM, but changing to version 2 did not fully resolve the problem. Why?
Lab 4.4.3.3 Configure and Verify Static NAT
Step 1: Connect the equipment
Step 2: Perform basic configurations on Router 2
Step 3: Configure the gateway router
Step 4: Configure Switch 1
Step 5: Configure the hosts with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway
Step 6: Verify that the network is functioning
From the attached hosts, ping the FastEthernet interface of the default gateway router.
Was the ping from Host 1 successful? Ya sukses
Was the ping from Host 2 successful? Ya sukses
If the answer is no for either question, troubleshoot the router and host configurations to find the error. Ping again until they are both successful.
Step 7: Create a static route
Is the static route in the routing table? ya
What command checks the routing table contents? #show ip route
If the route was not in the routing table, give one reason why this might be so? Mungkin router belum sukses terkoneksi di dalam jaringan
Step 8: Create a default route
a. From the Gateway router to the ISP router, create a static route to network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, using the ip route command. This will forward any unknown destination address traffic to the ISP by setting a Gateway of Last Resort on the Gateway router. Gateway(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 209.165.201.34
Is the static route in the routing table? Ya ada
b. Try to ping from one of the workstations to the ISP serial interface IP address. Was the ping successful? Ya sukses
Step 9: Define the pool of usable public IP addresses
Step 10: Define an access list that will match the inside private IP addresses
Step 11: Define the NAT translation from inside list to outside pool
Step 12: Specify the interfaces
Step 13: Configure Static Mapping
Look at the translation table: Gateway#show ip nat translations
Does the mapping appear in the output of the show command? ya
Step 14: Test the configuration
a. From the 10.10.10.2 workstation, verify that it can ping 172.16.1.1. Is the ping successful? Why? Ya bisa, karena telah dilewatkan oleh gateway, sehingga bisa saling berkomunikasi.
b. From the ISP router, ping the host with the static NAT translation by typing ping 10.10.10.2. Is the ping successful? Why? Ya bisa, karena NAT telah menerjemahkankan IP Public ke IP local.
c. From the ISP router, ping 209.165.200.224. If successful, look at the NAT translation on the Gateway router, using the command show ip nat translations.
What is the translation of the inside local host addresses?
Step 15: Verify NAT statistics
To view the NAT statistics, type the show ip nat statistics command at the privileged EXEC mode prompt.
How many active translations have taken place? 2
How many addresses are in the pool? 3
How many addresses have been allocated so far? 3
Step 16: Reflection
Why would NAT be used in a network? Untuk menerjemahkan dari IP private ke IP Public
Lab 4.4.3.4 Configure and Verify Dynamic NAT
Step 1: Connect the equipment
Step 2: Perform basic configurations on Router 2
Step 3: Configure the gateway router
Step 4: Configure Switch 1
Step 5: Configure the hosts with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway
Step 6: Verify that the network is functioning
From the attached hosts, ping the FastEthernet interface of the default gateway router.
Was the ping from Host 1 successful? ya
Was the ping from Host 2 successful? ya
If the answer is no for either question, troubleshoot the router and host configurations to find the error. Ping again until they are both successful.
Step 7: Create a static route
Is the static route in the routing table? ya
What command checks the routing table contents? #ip route
If the route was not in the routing table, give one reason why this might be so? Mungkin masih ada router yang belum terkoneksi.
Step 8: Create a default route
a. From the Gateway router to the ISP router, create a static route to network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, using the ip route command. This will forward any unknown destination address traffic to the ISP by setting a Gateway of Last Resort on the Gateway router. Gateway(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 209.165.201.34
Is the static route in the routing table? Ya ada
b. Try to ping from one of the workstations to the ISP serial interface IP address.
Was the ping successful? Ya sukses
Why? Karena sudah ada IP public
Step 9: Define the pool of usable public IP addresses
Step 10: Define an access list that will match the inside private IP addresses
Step 11: Define the NAT translation from inside list to outside pool
Step 12: Specify the interfaces
Step 13: Test the configuration
the 172.16.1.1 address in each window. When successful, look at the NAT translation on the Gateway router, using the command show ip nat translations.
What is the translation of the inside local host addresses? 209.165.201.3
The inside global address is assigned by? 209.165.0.0
The inside local address is assigned by? 172.16.0.0
Step 14: Verify NAT statistics
To view the NAT statistics type the show ip nat statistics command at the privileged EXEC mode prompt.
How many active translations have taken place? 4
How many addresses are in the pool? 5
How many addresses have been allocated so far? 3
Step 15: Reflection
Why would NAT be used in a network? Untuk menerjemahkan dari IP global ke IP local
Lab 4.4.4.3 Configure and Verify PAT
Step 1: Connect the equipment
Step 2: Perform basic configurations on Router 2
Step 3: Configure the gateway router
Step 4: Configure Switch 1
Step 5: Configure the hosts with the proper IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway
Step 6: Verify that the network is functioning
From the attached hosts, ping the FastEthernet interface of the default gateway router.
Was the ping from Host 1 successful? Ya berhasil
Was the ping from Host 2 successful? Ya berhasil
If the answer is no for either question, troubleshoot the router and host configurations to find the error. Ping again until they are both successful.
Predict: If you attempted to ping the loopback IP address on ISP, would the ping be successful? Explain your answer
Step 7: Create a default route
a. From the Gateway router to the ISP router, create a static route to network 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0, using the ip route command. This will forward any unknown destination address traffic to the ISP by setting a Gateway of Last Resort on the Gateway router. Gateway(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 209.165.201.34
b. View the routing table on the Gateway router to verify the default route. Is the static route in the routing table? ya
c. Try to ping from one of the workstations to the ISP serial interface IP address.
Was the ping successful? Ya berhasil
Why? Karena sudah diterjemahkan oleh PAT
Step 8: Create a static route
a. Create a static route from the ISP to the private network attached to the Gateway router. Use the ip route command to create the static route. ISP(config)#ip route 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.0 209.165.201.33
Is the static route in the routing table? ya
b. Now that both static and default routes are in place, ping from Host 1 to the loopback address on ISP.
Is the ping successful? Ya sukses
If the ping is not successful, troubleshoot the router and host configurations and retest.
Step 9: Define the pool of usable public IP addresses
Step 10: Define an access list that will match the inside private IP addresses
Step 11: Define the NAT translation from inside list to outside pool
Step 12: Specify the interfaces
Step 13: Generate traffic from Gateway to the ISP
Step 13: Generate traffic from Gateway to the ISP
Step 14: Verify that NAT/PAT is working
a. To view the NAT statistics type the show ip nat statistics command at the privileged EXEC mode prompt on the Gateway router.
How many active translations have taken place? 3
How many addresses are in the pool? 5
How many addresses have been allocated so far? 4
b. When successful, look at the NAT translation on the Gateway router, using the command show ip nat translations.
How can you tell that PAT is using a single IP address for all translations? Pada PAT pada saat pesan dikirim ke pada IP insidede Global maka IP diterjemahkan dan ketika sampai di destination IP address maka IP diterjemahkan kembali dengan IP yang sama, begitu pula sebaliknya.( the gateway router translates the local source address and port number combination to a single global IP address and a unique port number above 1024.)
What feature of the translation chart illustrates how PAT is able to keep each data translation separate from the others? http
Step 15: Adjust the Gateway configuration to use an alternate PAT approach
Step 16: Reflection
What advantages does PAT provide? PAT merupakan metode penerjemahan yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk menghemat alamat dalam tumpukan alamat global dengan mengizinkan port sumber dalam koneksi TCP atau percakapan UDP untuk diterjemahkan.
mcam salah jew
BalasHapusthis is incorrect you cant use the 3rd octet in the lab because the that's no within the assigned address range. you changed the network address not via vlsm subnetting
BalasHapus